Centralisation of Cement Industry Causing Degradation of Environment in Beawar (AJMER)
Abstract
In Beawar Cement manufacturing is a high volume process and correspondingly requires adequate quantities of resources, that is, raw materials, thermal fuels and electrical power. The main environmental (air quality) impacts of the manufacture of cement, in general, are related to the categories as: 1) Gases & VOCs:- Gaseous atmospheric emissions of CO2, NOx, SO2, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and others Carbon dioxide is released during the production of clinker, a component of cement, in which calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated in a rotary kiln to induce a series of complex chemical reactions. Specifically, CO2 is released as a by-product during calcination, which occurs in the upper, cooler end of the kiln, or a pre calciner, at temperatures of 600-900°C, and results in the conversion of carbonates to oxides.2) Dust:- Dust emissions originate mainly from the raw mills, the kiln system, the clinker cooler, and the cement mills. A general feature of these process steps is that hot exhaust gas or exhaust air is passing through pulverised material resulting in an intimately dispersed mixture of gas and particulates. The nature of the particulates generated is linked to the source material itself, that is, raw materials, clinker or cement.3) Noise:- Noise emissions occur throughout the whole cement manufacturing process from preparing and processing raw materials, from the clinker burning and cement production process, from material storage as well as from the dispatch and shipping of the final products.
Downloads
References
"Draeger: Guide for selection and use of filtering devices" (PDF). Draeger. 22 May 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
Rodgers, Lucy (17 December 2018). "The massive CO2 emitter you may not know about". BBC News. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
"Making Concrete Change: Innovation in Low-carbon Cement and Concrete". Chatham House. 13 June 2018. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
Hargreaves, David (March 2013). "The Global Cement Report 10th Edition" (PDF). International Cement Review. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2013.
Coal and Cement. World Coal Association Archived 8 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
Watts, Jonathan (25 February 2019). "Concrete: the most destructive material on Earth". the Guardian. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
"CO2 emissions by fuel, World, 2018".
"If the cement industry were a country, it would be the third largest emitter in the world". 13 September 2018.
Cement's basic molecular structure finally decoded (MIT, 2009) Archived 21 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine
"EPA Overview of Greenhouse Gases". 23 December 2015.
"The History of Concrete". Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
Blezard, Robert G. (2004) "The History of Calcareous Cements" in Hewlett, Peter C., ed.. Leaʼs chemistry of cement and concrete. 4th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1–24. ISBN 9780080535418
Brabant, Malcolm (12 April 2011). Macedonians created cement three centuries before the Romans Archived 9 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News.
Heracles to Alexander The Great: Treasures From The Royal Capital of Macedon, A Hellenic Kingdom in the Age of Democracy Archived 17 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Oxford
Hill, Donald (1984). A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times, Routledge, p. 106, ISBN 0415152917.
"History of cement". www.understanding-cement.com. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
Trendacosta, Katharine (18 December 2014). "How the Ancient Romans Made Better Concrete Than We Do Now". Gizmodo.
"How Natural Pozzolans Improve Concrete". Natural Pozzolan Association. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
Ridi, Francesca (April 2010). "Hydration of Cement: still a lot to be understood" (PDF). La Chimica & l'Industria (3): 110–117. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 November 2015.
"Pure natural pozzolan cement" (PDF). Archived from the original on 18 October 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2009.. chamorro.com
Russo, Ralph (2006) "Aqueduct Architecture: Moving Water to the Masses in Ancient Rome" Archived 12 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, in Math in the Beauty and Realization of Architecture, Vol. IV, Curriculum Units by Fellows of the Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute 1978–2012, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute.
Cowan, Henry J. (1975). "An Historical Note on Concrete". Architectural Science Review. 18: 10–13. doi:10.1080/00038628.1975.9696342.
Sismondo, Sergio (2009). An Introduction to Science and Technology Studies Archived 10 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine. John Wiley and Sons, 2nd edition, p. 142. ISBN 978-1-4051-8765-7.
Mukerji, Chandra (2009). Impossible engineering: technology and territoriality on the Canal du Midi Archived 26 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Princeton University Press, p. 121, ISBN 978-0-691-14032-2.
Taves, Loren Sickels (Mar–Apr 1995). "Tabby Houses of the South Atlantic Seaboard" Archived 27 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Old-House Journal. Back cover.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Dr. Rajesh Sharma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
